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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">BMANA</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journal of BMANA</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of BMANA</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journal of BMANA</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name/>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">95</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"/>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Medical Association</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Impact of Social Determinants on Health Outcomes&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group/>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>19</fpage>
      <lpage>22</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines the social determinants of health (SDOH) as "the nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes." Outside of the hospital, these are the environments where people are born, grow up, and engage in their daily lives, which are heavily impacted by a wider set of forces such as socioeconomic policies, racism, and climate change. The most frequently identified social risk domains are food insecurity, housing instability, and transportation difficulties. Strikingly, clinical care affects only 20% of the county-level variation in health outcomes, while SDOH affects as much as 50%. This association is most salient for preventable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. The United States consistently scores poorly in overall health outcomes associated with socioeconomic factors compared to other high-income and middle-income countries. Several research findings indicate increased response rates when patients are inquired about their SDOH through a written questionnaire instead of verbal inquiries. Strategies to tackle this issue involve the establishment of food pharmacies, prescription programs, and facilitating connections between patients and various agencies. These efforts aim to secure stable and safe housing for individuals and provide non-emergency medical transportation services for their appointments. SDOH can be a huge barrier to physical and mental well-being. Addressing SDOH requires mindfulness that one size does not fit all in medicine.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group/>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
